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Changing Nation, Changing World

Back to Level Two: Toward a More Perfect Union

TV Static Noise with Audio. The Media Suitcase/Getty Images.

TV Turned On And Off Static. Adobe Stock.

TV statics. Getty Images.

TV noise. The Media Suitcase/Getty Images.

Switch On Off TV. Adobe Stock.

Frame of bronze or silver television on isolated background. Adobe Stock.

Housewife removing turkey from oven, 1957.Getty Images.

Group of men walking towards the White House. Sherman Grinberg Library/Getty Images.

Introduction credits and actors on The Dick Van Dyke Show, S2 E33, 1962. THE DICK VAN DYKE SHOW. Courtesy of Calvada Productions, inc.

Kids Playing Outside, 1940s. Pond5.

Schmidt's Blue Ribbon Bread commercial, 1950s. Pond5.

Commuters on escalators at the New York Port Authority Bus Terminal during rush hour, 1950s. Sherman Grinberg Library/Getty Images.

N.Y. Giant Willie Mays with team manager Leo Durocher, 1954. Sherman Grinberg Library/Getty Images.

Baseball game at New York City's Polo Grounds, 1954. Sherman Grinberg Library/Getty Images.

President John F. Kennedy's Inaugural Address in Washington, D.C., 1961. National Archives, John F. Kennedy Presidential Library & Museum.

Demonstrators picket in front of a school board office in protest of segregation, St Louis, MO, 1960s. PhotoQuest/Getty Images.

Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr. delivers his “I Have a Dream speech” during the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, 1963. Onyx Media/Getty Images.

Sanitation Workers Strike, Memphis, TN, 1968. © Builder Levy.

CORE demonstrates against then-segregated interstate buses and restaurants, ca. 1962. © Bob Adelman Estate.

Russian Space Exploration Sputnik, 1957. Pond5.

China's first nuclear weapon test, 1964. Science Photo Library/Getty Images. 

Newspaper headline: “Satellite Fired By Russia; Circling US 15 Times a Day.” The Plain Dealer, Oct 5, 1957.

Duck and cover Atom Bomb drill In school classroom, 1950s. Pond5.

Astronaut Edwin E. Aldrin Jr. beside the deployed United States flag during Apollo 11 mission to the moon, 1969. NASA.

The "Blue Marble," taken aboard the Apollo 17 mission, 1972. NASA.

Space, the final frontier: Star Trek: The Original Series opening sequence. Courtesy of CBS Studios.

The Beatles perform on “The Ed Sullivan Show,” February 9, 1964. Courtesy of Apple Corps Limited “The Ed Sullivan Show” is the copyright of SOFA Entertainment. All Rights Reserved.

James Brown performs onstage at the Newport Jazz Festival,1969. Tom Copi/Michael Ochs Archives/Getty Images.

Bob Dylan plays piano during the recording of 'Highway 61 Revisited,' 1965. Michael Ochs Archives/Getty Images.

Two people share what appears to be a marijuana cigarette at a Bay Area rock concert, 1960s. Steven Clevenger/Getty Images.

Woodstock ‘69 Promotional poster designed by Arnold Skolnick, ca. 1969. Arnold Skolnick.

Young hippies in Washington Square Park during the "Summer of Love," 1967. David Attie/Getty Images.

Wide-angle view of audience at Woodstock Music Festival, 1969. John Dominis/The LIFE Picture Collection/Shutterstock.

Mexican-Americans hold a sign that reads "Chicano Means Power." in Denver, Colorado, 1970. Denver Public Library.

Nation of Islam leader Malcolm X speaks to a crowd, 1963. Bettmann/Getty Images.

CORE protest outside of the Board of Education building, Chicago, IL, 1963 © Chicago Sun-Times Media, Inc./Chicago History Museum. 

The Land is Rich , a film by Harvey Richards, 1966. Harvey Richards Media Archive.

Headline: Johnson Signs Voting Rights Bill, Orders Immediate Enforcement," Aug 7, 1965. The New York Times © 1965 The New York Times. All rights reserved.

Military police escort civil rights marchers across the Edmund Pettus Bridge, Selma, AL, 1965. Pond5.

Cover of the first edition of The Feminine Mystique (1963), by Betty Friedan. W.W. Norton.

Package of birth control pills, 1976. UPI/Getty Images.

Headline: "High Court Bars Curbs on Birth Control," Jun 8, 1965. The New York Times © 1965 The New York Times. All rights reserved.

MS Magazine Staff Meeting with Gloria Steinem, New York City, NY, 1975. Jill Freedman/Getty Images.

Women’s Strike for Peace - And Equality, New York City, NY, 1970. Collection of the New-York Historical Society.

Anti-war demonstration in Washington, D.C., 1967. Getty Images.

"Wipe Out Poverty, Not People!" sign in anti-Vietnam war peace demonstration, Washington, D.C., 1967. Getty Images.

Vietnam War footage, 1969. British Movietone/AP.

Headline: “Gunmen Kill Malcolm X,” February 22,1965. © 1965 Chicago Tribune. All rights reserved. Distributed by Tribune Content Agency, LLC.

Headline: “Kennedy Is Killed By Sniper As He Rides In Car In Dallas,” November 23, 1963. The New York Times © 1963 The New York Times. All rights reserved.

Young John Kennedy Jr. salutes during the funeral of his father, President John F. Kennedy, 1963. Sherman Grinberg Library/Getty Images.

Headline: "Martin King Slain by Sniper," April 4, 1968. © 1968 New York Daily News. All rights reserved. Distributed by Tribune Content Agency, LLC.

Military troops respond to looting following the assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr., 1968. Darryl Heikes/UPI/Getty Images.

Aerial view of damage in a Chicago business district after the assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr., 1968. Bettmann/Getty Images.

Headline: "Sen. Kennedy dies of bullet wounds inflicted by assassin," June 6, 1968. © Rome News-Tribune.

Workers take part in the big demonstration in Paris, France, 1968. Jacques Marie/AFP via Getty Images.

Anti-American demonstration in Japan, 1968. Keystone-France/Gamma-Rapho via Getty Images.

Czech youths demonstrate in the streets following the Soviet occupation of Czechoslovakia, 1968. Bettmann/Getty Images.

A demonstrator at the Democratic National Convention fights off tear gas, Chicago, IL, 1968 © Chicago Sun-Times Media, Inc. All rights reserved.

Black Panthers chant: "Black is beautiful! Free Huey!" Alameda, CA, 1968. KPIX-TV.

Young people outside the boarded-up Stonewall Inn after riots, New York City, NY, 1969. Fred W. McDarrah/Getty Images.

March in support of gay rights, New York City, NY, 1969. Fred W. McDarrah/Getty Images.

Protestors hold a "We Demand Democracy In Northern Ireland" banner, London, 1968. M. Stroud/Powell/Daily Express/Hulton Archive/Getty Images.

Sonny and Cher perform “I Got You Babe” on the Sonny and Cher Show. Season 1, Episode 1, 1971. Footage courtesy of Sonny & Cher.

Muhammad Ali vs. Joe Frazier, Madison Square Garden, New York City, NY, 1971. Bettmann/Getty Images.

Poster: Enter The Dragon, 1973. LMPC/Getty Images.

Poster: Jaws , 1975. Universal History Archive/UIG via Getty images.

Headline: "5 Held in Plot to Bug Democrats' Office Here," June 18, 1972. From The Washington Post. © 1972 The Washington Post. All rights reserved. Used under license.

The Watergate Complex. National Archives.

"Wipe Out Poverty, Not People!" sign in anti-Vietnam war peace demonstration, Washington, D.C., 1972. Getty Images.

A sign at a petrol station announcing temporary fuel rationing, ca. 1974. Joseph W. Neumayer/Archive Photos/Getty Images.

Cars line up in two directions at a gas station in New York City, NY, 1973. AP Photo/Marty Lederhandler.

Demonstrators with "Impeach Nixon" sign near the U.S. Capitol, Washington, D.C., 1973. Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division.

President Richard Nixon delivers his resignation speech,1974. Onyx Media/Getty Images.

Headline: "Nixon to Resign," August 8, 1974. © Columbus Evening Dispatch – USA TODAY NETWORK via Imagn.

Watergate Prosecutors Henry S. Ruth Jr. and Leon Jaworski confer with Senator Abraham A. Ribicoff, 1975. Bettmann/Getty Images.

Headline: “Senate passes Watergate reform measure,” July 22, 1976. © The Southwest Times Record – USA TODAY NETWORK via Imagn.

President Gerald Ford Addresses Joint Session of Congress, Washington, D.C., 1974. National Archives.

Jimmy Carter Signs Ethics in Government into law, 1978. National Archives, The Jimmy Carter Presidential Library & Museum.

Shirley Chisholm announces her entry for Democratic nomination for the presidency at the Concord Baptist Church in Brooklyn, NY, 1972. Don Hogan Charles/New York Times Co./Getty Images.

Patsy Mink holds a copy of proposed legislation in front of the U.S. Capitol. The Patsy T. Mink papers; Manuscript Division, Library of Congress, Washington D.C.

News anchor Harry Reasoner introduces Barbara Walters on the occasion of her first weeknight network newscast, 1976. Courtesy of ABCNEWS VIDEOSOURCE.

Headline: "Supreme Court Rule Gives Women Right to Have Abortions," January 23, 1973. The Los Angeles Times © 1973 The Los Angeles Times. All rights reserved.

Marchers Support National Freedom March for Human Dignity, Boston, MA, 1974. Denver Post via Getty Images.

The Chicano Moratorium march, Los Angeles, CA, 1970. UCLA Library Special Collections.

Native Americans arrive in Washington, D.C. for the “Longest Walk,” 1978. Reprinted with permission of the DC Public Library, Star Collection © Washington Post.

Christopher Street Gay Liberation Day, New York City, NY, 1970. Photo by Diana Jo Davies, Manuscripts and Archives Division, The New York Public Library.

Disability rights protest at the U.S. Capitol, Washington, D.C., 1972. Bettmann/Getty Images.

A crowd gathers for the first Earth Day celebration, New York City, NY, 1970. Hulton Archive/Getty Images.

Kids sweeping streets during the first Earth Day in New York City, NY, 1970. CBS Archive/Veritone.

Women athletes rally in support of Title IX, 1979. CBS Archive/Veritone.

ERA march on Women's Equality Day with Bella Abzug, 1980 (© Estate of Bettye Lane. Schlesinger Library, Harvard Radcliffe Institute.

Scene from: ALL IN THE FAMILY, S1, E1, 'Meet The Bunkers.' Courtesy of Sony Pictures Television.

Tennis player Billie Jean King holds her trophy after beating Bobby Riggs in the "Battle of the Sexes," 1973. Bettmann/Getty Images.

The Camp David Accords, 1978. National Archives, The Jimmy Carter Presidential Library and Museum.

Ronald Reagan Addresses the Republican National Convention, 1980. Jay Dickman/Getty Images.

Headline: “Reagan scores solid victory,” November 5, 1980. From Houston Chronicle. © 1980 Hearst Newspapers. All rights reserved. Used under license.

Ronald Reagan and wife Nancy at a campaign rally with Roy Rogers, Northridge, CA, 1980. Bettmann/Getty Images.

Headline: “Moral Majority claims a key role in outcome,” November 5, 1980. From Houston Chronicle. © 1980 Hearst Newspapers. All rights reserved. Used under license.

Transit police officer Emilio Mesa and police dog Blitz on subway platform, New York City, NY, 1980. Richard Lee/NY Daily News via Getty Images

"Levitate the Pentagon" Anti-War Protest, Washington, D.C. 1967. Robert Altman/Michael Ochs Archives/Getty Images.

Socialite Sidney Biddle Barrows and Robin Leach at a birthday party at the Cadillac Bar in New York City, NY, 1987. Ron Galella/Ron Galella Collection via Getty Images.

Michael Douglas in WALL STREET (1987). Courtesy of 20th Century Studios, Inc., All rights reserved.

Opening credits for DALLAS. (1978). Licensed by Warner Bros.

Opening credits for LIFESTYLES OF THE RICH AND FAMOUS (1993). Courtesy of CBS Media Ventures.

President Reagan meets with members of Congress in the Cabinet Room of the White House, 1983. Bettmann/Getty Images.

Headline: “Reagan Seeks Welfare Plan to Free Poor From Government Dependency,” February 5, 1986. The New York Times © 1986 The New York Times. All rights reserved.

President Ronald Reagan addresses the nation on Tax Reduction Legislation, J 1981. David Hume Kennerly/Getty Images.

Pres. Reagan holding The Official TAX AX, 1986. Photo by Diana Walker/Getty Images.

Stock Exchange, New York City, NY, 1980s. NBC News/Getty Images.

Dance club, New York City, NY, 1980s. NBC News/Getty Images.

Customers try on fur coats in a department store,1980. BBC News/Getty Images.

Stock brokers in trading rooms, 1987. NBC News Archive/Getty Images.

A man reclines on the seat of a subway train, New York City, NY, ca. 1980. Jill Freedman/Getty Images.

Abandoned Buildings in the Bronx, 1976. Owen Franken/Corbis via Getty Images.

Headline: “Drugs push crime rate higher,” July 28, 1089. © The Cincinnati Enquirer – USA TODAY NETWORK via Imagn.

Senator Alfonse D'Amato speaks at a press conference with illegal drugs, New York City, NY. 1985. AP Photo/Marty Lederhandler.

Supporters at a Ronald Reagan campaign rally holding sign "Christians vote for Reagan" in California, 1984. Dirck Halstead/Getty Images.

Election Volunteer Mabel Holt registers Greg Smith to vote, Los Angeles, CA, 1984. Bob Riha, Jr./Getty Images.

President Reagan speaking at the Conservative Political Action Conference, 1983. Bettmann/Getty Images.

Demonstrators carry a banner for the Equal Rights Amendment March, Washington, D.C., 1978. Ann E. Zelle/Getty Images.

“Stop ERA” leader Phyllis Schlafly speaks at a rally in the Illinois State Capitol, Springfield, IL, 1978. Bettmann/Getty Images.

Steve Jobs and John Sculley pose with the new Macintosh personal computer, 1984. Marilyn K. Yee/New York Times Co./Getty Images.

Children using computers, 1980. SSPL/Getty Images.

Advertisement for the Motorola Micro T.A.C mobile phone,1992. Alamy.

"DO THE RIGHT THING “(1989). Courtesy of Universal Studios Licensing LLC., © 1989 Universal Studios, Inc.

The Senate confirmed Sandra Day O'Connor as the nation's first woman justice of the Supreme Court, 1981. Bettmann/Getty Images.

Headline: "O'Connor begins work as SCOTUS Justice," Sep 27,1981. Sunday Times Sentinel.

Jesse Jackson, candidate for the Democratic presidential nomination, gives a campaign speech, 1988. Jacques M. Chenet/Getty Images.

Bruce Springsteen performs Born in the U.S.A.,1984. 

Protest march following the murder of Vincent Chin, Detroit, MI, 1983. Photo by Victor Yang, Courtesy of the Vincent Chin Institute/

Students from Beijing University during a massive demonstration at Tiananmen Square, China, 1989. Jacques Langevin/Getty Images.

Students and opposition supporters gather at the gate to Malacanang Palace in Manila, 1986. AP.

Thousands of East Germans flood through the newly breached Berlin Wall, Germany, 1989. Reuters.

News report on the fall of the Berlin Wall,1989. CBS Archive/Veritone.

Demonstration in Prague, Czechoslovakia,1989. ITN/Getty Images.

Demonstration for liberty of Nelson Mandela in Paris, 1986. Francois LOCHON/Gamma-Rapho via Getty Images.

Security officers remove a demonstrator from President Bush's speech to the National Leadership Coalition on AIDS, 1990. Bettmann/Getty Images.

Hubble Space Telescope launches, 1990. NASA.

Headline: "Shuttle Soars 381 Miles High, With Telescope and a Dream," Apr 25, 1990. The New York Times © 1990 The New York Times. All rights reserved.

Disability rights march, Washington, D.C.,1990. © Tom Olin.

A jubilant Sowetan holds up a newspaper announcing the release of Nelson Mandela, 1990. Trevor Samson/AFP via Getty Images.

Nelson Mandela and Winnie Mandela celebrate Nelson's release, 1990. Allan Tannenbaum/Getty Images.

Celebrations as Germany is reunified after 45 years, 1990. ITN/Getty Images.

A crowd in Brooklyn cheers for Nelson Mandela’s release, (David Turnley/VCG via Getty Images)

An enthusiastic crowd in Brooklyn cheers for Nelson Mandela, 1990. David Turnley/VCG via Getty Images.

Students protest a proposed tuition hike at Library Mall, Madison, WI, 1990s. Michael Kienitz/Regents of the University of Wisconsin.

The First Indigenous Peoples Day, Berkeley, CA, 1992. AP Photo/Paul Sakuma.

Ceremony for Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990. National Archives, George H. W. Bush Presidential Library & Museum.

Anti-discrimination protest in Canada, 1992.Tony Bock/Toronto Star via Getty Images.

A demonstrator holds a "No More Homophobia" sign at the Gay Pride Parade, 1990. Andrew Holbrooke/Getty Images.

March on Washington for Lesbian, Gay, and Bi Equal Rights and Liberation, Washington, D.C., 1993. Mark Reinstein/Getty Images.

A flag of the earth waves over the crowd in the U.S. Capitol for Earth Day, 1990. AP Photo/Greg Gibson.

MURDER BY THE BOOK. Composer(s): James Lee Homes (PRS) 50%, IPI 587544207, Robert Terry Homes (PRS) 50%, IPI 585153826.Publisher: KPM APM (ASCAP) 100%, IPI 445332863 ISRC: GBBGL1700400. APM Music.

“STAR TREK THEME.” Written by Alexander Courage, Eugene Wesley Roddenberry. Published by Songs of Universal, Inc. on behalf of Bruin Music Company. Courtesy of Paramount Pictures Corporation.

HAPPY MARCH 60. Track ID: NFL_NFL_0064_01801. Composer(s): Sam Spence (BMI) 100%, IPI 76432765. Publisher: NFL RIVER MUSIC (BMI) 50%, IPI 499913488, NFL Metro Park (BMI) 50%, IPI 201452719. ISRC: QMGXA1417767. APM Music.

“I WANT TO HOLD YOUR HAND.” Performed by The Beatles. Written by John Winston Lennon and Paul James McCartney. Published by MPL Communications, Inc. (ASCAP) and Songs of Universal, Inc. on behalf of Northern Songs, Ltd.

MURDER BY THE BOOK. Track ID: KPM_KPM_2021_00701. Composer(s): James Lee Homes (PRS) 50%, IPI 587544207, Robert Terry Homes (PRS) 50%, IPI 585153826. Publisher: KPM APM (ASCAP) 100%, IPI 445332863. ISRC: GBBGL1700400. APM MUSIC.

DANCE WITH YOU (ALTERNATE). Track ID: CEZ_CEZ_4473_04801. Composer(s): David Oliver Rieu (SACEM) 100%, IPI 147829833. Publisher: Cezame Metro Park (BMI) 100%, IPI 487402830. ISRC: FRZPA2119300. APM MUSIC.

“I GOT YOU BABE.” Performed by Sonny and Cher. Written by Sonny Bono. Published by Chris Marc Music (BMI). By arrangement with Wixen Music Publishing, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Used by Permission.

"Born in the U.S.A. (Official Video)" Performed by Bruce Springsteen. Courtesy of Columbia Records. By arrangement with Sony Music Entertainment.

THE 80s BEGIN. Track ID: CEZ_MAG_6067_00501. Composer(s): Michel Roche (SACEM) 100%, IPI 151670095. Publisher: Cezame Metro Park (BMI) 100%, IPI 487402830. ISRC: FRZPA2133490. APM MUSIC.

BORN IN THE USA. Performed by Bruce Springsteen. Courtesy of Bruce Springsteen and Columbia Records.

COMFORT IN PAIN - STING 1. Track ID: CHR_CHR_0062_02801. Composer(s): Wayne Anthony Murray (PRS) 50%, IPI 291296445, Lana McDonagh (PRS) 50%, IPI 686672981. Publisher: Driven APM (ASCAP) 100%, IPI 755411250. ISRC: UKNY92406228. APM MUSIC.